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1995-02-26
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<text id=93TT0520>
<title>
Nov. 15, 1993: Friends In Low Places
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1993
Nov. 15, 1993 A Christian In Winter:Billy Graham
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
INVESTIGATIONS, Page 54
Friends In Low Places
</hdr>
<body>
<p>How close were the Clintons to a dubious Arkansas banker?
</p>
<p>By JAMES CARNEY/WASHINGTON
</p>
<p> Jim McDougal was the kind of go-go entrepreneur that likes
to befriend politicians but that politicians sometimes later
regret ever having met. His friendship with fellow Arkansan
Bill Clinton began in the late 1960s, when both were young staffers
for Senator William Fulbright. In 1978 Bill and Hillary joined
McDougal and his wife Susan in a real estate venture. A year
later, Clinton became Governor and appointed McDougal his economic-development
adviser. By the early 1980s, McDougal had left government work
to make his fortune: he converted Madison Guaranty, a tiny institution,
into one of the largest savings and loan associations in the
state. But in 1989 federal regulators found the thrift to be
nearly insolvent and shut it down. The following year McDougal
was acquitted on charges of bank fraud. Now he's under investigation
again.
</p>
<p> While hardly anyone accuses Clinton of going into politics to
get rich, his wealth of friends can be more problematic. So
when stories resurfaced last week linking the President and
First Lady to a new federal probe into McDougal's S&L, the details
may have revealed less about any financial wrongdoing than about
the potential hazards of small-state politics in Arkansas, where
the Clintons maintained a close network of political allies
and business associates.
</p>
<p> Last month federal regulators asked the Justice Department to
investigate whether funds from Madison were illegally diverted
during the mid-1980s to real estate companies and politicians,
including Clinton. According to government officials, $12,000
may have ended up in Governor Clinton's campaign coffers. Some
of it may also have been illegally funneled by McDougal into
a real estate venture called Whitewater Development, which he
and his wife owned with the Clintons. Another, peripheral issue:
payments to Hillary Clinton when she represented Madison Guaranty
in its bid to resist closure by state thrift regulators while
Bill Clinton was Governor.
</p>
<p> In each case the investigation is focusing on whether funds
were misused by the S&L and McDougal, not whether the Clintons'
involvement posed conflicts of interest. The only allegation
against the President is being made by David Hale, a former
municipal judge, who was indicted in September on charges of
defrauding the Small Business Administration. Hale, who ran
a federally sponsored lending company in Arkansas, claims that
in 1985 Clinton and McDougal pressured him into making an improper
$300,000 loan to McDougal's wife. White House officials dismiss
the allegation, and Hale has admitted that he has no documentation
to back it up.
</p>
<p> Federal officials insist that the Clintons are not targets of
the investigation and that the only link is their coincidental
association with McDougal. Clinton said last week that neither
he nor Hillary had done anything improper. "Knowing and being
associated with Jim McDougal looked a lot different when he
seemed to be a successful entrepreneur than it does now," says
Bruce Lindsey, another native Arkansan, now senior adviser to
the President. Indeed, based on the evidence known thus far,
the Clintons may be guilty only of poor business judgment (they
lost nearly $70,000 on the Whitewater deal) and a lack of discrimination
in choosing their friends.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>